Bibliographies

Supply all the necessary bibliographical information when you submit your manuscript. Make sure the information is accurate and consistent. Incomplete entries should be picked up at the production stage by an editor who will compile a list of queries before the manuscript goes for typesetting. Dealing with such lists of queries inevitably slows down production, so providing a full copy and accurate references from the start will greatly increase efficiency.

References to ETF publications require particular attention. The ETF’s name in full comes after the author’s name. See also the sample entries below.

Include a reference for each work mentioned in the manuscript. Remember works mentioned in illustrations, tables and captions.

Separate each element in the entry with a comma (see samples further down).

Author

List references in alphabetical order of author.
Use the form: ‘Smith, D.G., Brown, A., and Eliot, F.’
For works with two authors, give the names of both. If there are more than two authors, just give the first author followed by ‘et al’.
To mention the translator or editor, use the form ‘(trans. G. Fraser)’ or ‘(P. Hordern ed.). Use ‘ed.’ if there is one editor and ‘eds’ if there are more than one. The latter is spelt without a full stop because the abbreviation ends with the last letter of the word.

Title of work

Put the title of a book or journal in italics. Put the title of articles, papers or chapters of a book in quotation marks.
Use lower case for all words in title, except first word and proper names.
Give journal titles in full and avoid acronyms unless they are well known.
Treat the spelling of titles as a quotation and do not change them to the house style! This means retaining American spelling in the original entry, e.g. International Labor Review.
To distinguish the volume, use the form ‘Vol. 1’. (Note: capital ‘V’ and full stop.)
If the edition is not the first edition, use the form ‘(2nd edn)’ ‘(revised edn)’.

Name of publisher

Use the simplest form, e.g. ‘Sage’ not ‘Sage Publications Ltd’.
It is important to note that the ‘official’ publisher of European Union bodies such as the ETF and the European Commission is the Office for Official Publications of the European Communities in Luxembourg and this should be mentioned in the entry (see samples below) In the case of official or working documents, such as the COM series, the entry may simply cite European Commission, Brussels, as the publisher.

Place of publication

This is found on the title page of the book.
If the book is still in the process of publication, add ‘(in press.)’ as the last item (following the place of publication).
If the title page gives more places of publication, use the first city as the place of publication.
There is no need to give this if it is obvious from the publisher’s name but watch for titles published by branches abroad, such as ‘Oxford University Press, New York’.

Date of publication

Follow the year mention by ‘a’, ‘b’ if you are citing more than one item published by the same author in the same year.

Page numbers (if necessary or available)

When referring to a particular chapter or paper or section in a book, give the page numbers.
Give the full range of relevant page numbers, e.g. ‘49–50’, not just the first page.
Insert ‘p.’ or ‘pp.’ before the page numbers, e.g. ‘pp. 9–11’ or ‘p. 33’.